- Artificial Life -

VENUS

VENUS is an artificial life simulator inspired by Core War in which instructions mutate and processes consume resources. VENUS was able to evolve cooperative MOV/SPL structures without any predefined evolutionary path.

• The coreworld: emergence and evolution of cooperative structures in a computational chemistry.
  Steen Rasmussen, Carsten Knudsen, Rasmus Feldberg and Morten Hindsholm. Physica D, 42:111-134, 1990.
• Dynamics of programmable matter.
  Steen Rasmussen, Carsten Knudsen and Rasmus Feldberg. Artificial Life II, 211-254, 1991.

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Tierra

Thomas S. Ray developed the Tierra artificial life simulator to synthesize life. Ray considered traditional machine languages to be too brittle to evolve and created the Tierran language. Beginning with an 80 instruction ancestor Tierra evolved shorter creatures, parasites and hyperparasites.

• An approach to the Synthesis of Life.
  Thomas S. Ray. Artificial Life II, 371-408, 1991.
• The Tierra home page.

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